1) str.zfill(width)
str(1).zfiil(2) # '01'
str(2).zfiil(2) # '02'
...
str(1).zfill(3) # '001'
...
2) rjust(width, [fillchar])
"1".rjust(3, '0') # '001'
"1".rjust(3, 'a') # 'aa1'
...
3) print
print ("%03d"% 1) # '001'
...
print (format(1, '02')) # '01'
...